As mosquito season continues, public health officials are monitoring a surge in mosquito-borne illnesses across the U.S. These viruses—West Nile, dengue, and eastern equine encephalitis (EEE)—are all transmitted through mosquito bites but affect individuals in different ways.

How Common Are These Diseases?

• West Nile Virus: The leading cause of mosquito-borne disease in the U.S., West Nile was first detected in New York City in 1999 and has spread nationwide.
• Dengue: Found mainly in tropical and subtropical regions, such as parts of Florida and the Gulf Coast, dengue is less common in the U.S., with most cases brought back by travelers from endemic areas.
• EEE (Eastern Equine Encephalitis): Rare but deadly, EEE typically occurs in the Eastern and Gulf Coast states. It has the highest mortality rate of the three diseases, with 30% of severe cases resulting in death.

Symptoms and Risks

• West Nile Virus: Most people infected do not show symptoms, but 1 in 5 may experience fever, headaches, body aches, or rash. In severe cases, it can lead to encephalitis (brain swelling) and can be fatal.
• Dengue: About 1 in 4 infected people develop symptoms, including fever, rash, nausea, and muscle pain. Severe cases may cause bone pain and last up to a week.
• EEE: Mild cases may present fever and headache, but severe cases can cause encephalitis or meningitis. Survivors often suffer long-term neurological problems, and 30% of severe cases are fatal.

Treatments and Vaccines

• No Specific Treatments: There are no disease-specific treatments for West Nile, dengue, or EEE. Patients are advised to rest, stay hydrated, and manage symptoms with over-the-counter medications. Severe cases may require hospitalization.
• Vaccines: While there is no vaccine for West Nile or EEE, a dengue vaccine is available for children aged 9 to 16 who have had a previous dengue infection and live in endemic areas, such as Puerto Rico.

How to Protect Yourself

Prevention is key for all three diseases. Here are some steps you can take:

1. Use Insect Repellent: Apply EPA-approved repellents containing DEET or other effective ingredients.
2. Wear Long Sleeves and Pants: Cover your skin to minimize exposure to mosquitoes, especially during dawn and dusk when mosquitoes are most active.
3. Eliminate Standing Water: Mosquitoes breed in stagnant water. Empty containers like birdbaths, flower pots, and clogged gutters to reduce breeding sites.

Mosquitoes are considered one of the deadliest creatures to humans due to their role in spreading these and other diseases. Stay vigilant and protect yourself and your family during mosquito season.

For more information, visit the CDC website or contact your local health department. Stay safe!