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EEE, West Nile, Malaria: Understanding the Differences Between These Mosquito-Borne Diseases and How to Stay Safe

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Mosquitoes are more than just a nuisance—they can spread serious diseases. With Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE), West Nile virus, and malaria making headlines, it’s crucial to understand the differences between these mosquito-borne illnesses and how to protect yourself.

California has seen an uptick in West Nile virus cases, while EEE has surfaced in the northeastern U.S. globally, malaria continues to be a significant threat, particularly in tropical regions.

Understanding the Mosquito-Borne Diseases:

  1. Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE):
    • Symptoms: Fever, brain swelling, and in severe cases, death. One-third of those with severe symptoms die.
    • U.S. Cases in 2024: Three cases (Massachusetts, New Jersey, Vermont).
    • Prevalence: Rare, mostly found in swampy areas like those in Massachusetts.
  2. West Nile Virus:
    • Symptoms: Fever, brain swelling, with about 1 in 10 severe cases resulting in death.
    • U.S. Cases in 2024: 216 cases nationwide.
    • Prevalence: Detected across the U.S. since 1999, including California.
  3. Malaria:
    • Symptoms: Fever, chills, and flu-like illness. Deadly if untreated.
    • Global Impact: Infected 250 million people and killed over 600,000 in 2022.
    • Prevalence: Mostly affects tropical regions like Africa; rare in the U.S.

How to Stay Safe:

  1. Dump Standing Water: Mosquitoes breed in stagnant water, so eliminate any standing water around your home, including buckets, flowerpots, and birdbaths.
  2. Wear Long Sleeves and Pants: Cover up when outdoors, especially during peak mosquito activity times.
  3. Avoid Dusk and Dawn: Mosquitoes are most active during these times, so limit outdoor activities in the early morning and evening.
  4. Apply Insect Repellent: Use an EPA-registered insect repellent for effective protection against bites.
  5. Secure Windows and Doors: Ensure your home’s windows and doors are properly screened to keep mosquitoes out.

Local health departments in California are actively working to reduce mosquito populations, including spraying neighborhoods with insecticides. However, prevention starts at home, and these simple steps can help protect you and your family from mosquito-borne illnesses.

Stay informed and vigilant, and visit the California Department of Public Health website for the latest updates and safety tips.

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